What are septal defects and how do ASD and VSD differ?

Septal defects are structural abnormalities where a hole forms in the wall separating the heart’s chambers.

An atrial septal defect occurs between the upper chambers and typically results in a slower, less forceful flow of blood between the two sides. Many individuals remain asymptomatic for years.

A ventricular septal defect occurs between the lower chambers, where pressure is higher. This often leads to more significant blood flow changes and earlier symptoms.

The severity of each condition depends on the size of the defect and its effect on circulation. Treatment ranges from monitoring to surgical repair.

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