What causes congenital heart defects in babies?

 Congenital heart defects usually develop during the first eight weeks of pregnancy, when the heart is forming.

In many cases, there is no single cause. Instead, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is involved.

Genetic conditions such as Down’s syndrome are strongly linked to heart defects. Maternal health conditions, including diabetes, can also increase risk. Infections and certain medications may affect development during early pregnancy.

Lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol are also associated with a higher risk.

Understanding these causes helps guide prevention where possible and supports early diagnosis and care.

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