What is open-heart surgery and how does it treat congenital heart disease?

 Open-heart surgery is a procedure used to repair structural problems within the heart. It is often required for more complex forms of congenital heart disease.

During surgery, the chest is opened to allow direct access to the heart. A heart-lung machine maintains circulation while the heart is temporarily stopped.

Common procedures include closing holes in the heart, repairing or replacing valves, and correcting blood vessel connections.

Recovery takes place in stages, beginning in intensive care and continuing at home. Most patients return to normal routines within a few months.

Advances in surgical care mean outcomes are now very good, with most patients experiencing significant improvements in quality of life.

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